Glatiramer acetate treatment of multiple sclerosis: an immunological perspective.

Sclerosis: An Immunological Perspective Glatiramer Acetate Treatment of Multiple

Cost analysis of glatiramer acetate versus interferon-β for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with spasticity: the Escala study

OBJECTIVE The Escala Study evidenced that the administration of glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis improved the spasticity of patients previously treated with interferon-β. However, whether such an improvement was translated into cost savings remained unclear. We therefore conducted a cost analysis of glatiramer acetate versus interferon-β in these patients with multi...

Two decades of subcutaneous glatiramer acetate injection: current role of the standard dose, and new high-dose low-frequency glatiramer acetate in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis treatment

Glatiramer acetate, a synthetic amino acid polymer analog of myelin basic protein, is one of the first approved drugs for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several clinical trials have shown consistent and sustained efficacy of glatiramer acetate 20 mg subcutaneously daily in reducing relapses and new demyelinating lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with re...

A randomized controlled double-masked trial of albuterol add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND Interleukin 12 (IL-12), a cytokine that promotes generation of helper T cells subtype 1, is increased in multiple sclerosis. Albuterol sulfate, a β2-adrenergic agonist, reduces IL-12 expression, so we tested the effect of albuterol as an add-on treatment to glatiramer acetate therapy. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical and immunologic effects of albuterol treatment as an add-on...

Glatiramer acetate and therapeutic peptide vaccines for multiple sclerosis

Therapeutic vaccines are antigen-specific agents that inhibit an unwanted immune response to prevent progression of, or eliminate, existing disease. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, developing therapeutic vaccines poses a significant challenge because they can require multimodal immunomodulatory activity to modulate complex pathogenic disease pathways. This is particularly true in autoimmune disor...